Waa maxay noocyada ugu badan ee suuska shucaaca?Sideen iskaga ilaalin karnaa waxyeelada shucaaca ka dhasha?
Iyada oo ku xidhan nooca qaybaha ama hirarka ay xuddunta sii dayso si ay u noqoto mid deggan, waxa jira noocyo kala duwan oo suuska shucaaca ah oo keena shucaaca ionizing.Noocyada ugu caansan waa alfa particles, beta particles, fallaadhaha gamma iyo neutrons.
Shucaaca Alfa
Qulqulka Alpha (Infographic: A. Vargas/IAEA).
Shucaaca alfa-ga, xudunta qudhunaysa waxay sii daayaan qaybo culus oo si togan u dallacay si ay u noqdaan kuwo deggan.Qurubyadani ma geli karaan maqaarkeena si ay waxyeelo u geystaan waxaana badanaa lagu joojin karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo xitaa hal xaashi.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, haddii walxaha alfa soo saara lagu qaado jidhka neefsashada, cunista, ama cabbitaanka, waxay si toos ah u soo bandhigi karaan unugyada gudaha oo laga yaabo, inay dhaawacaan caafimaadka.
Americium-241 waa tusaale atom ah oo ku qudhma iyada oo loo marayo qaybo alfa ah, waxaana loo isticmaalaa qiiqa-sheegayaasha adduunka oo dhan.
Shucaaca beta
Beta suuska (Infographic: A. Vargas/IAEA).
Shucaaca beta, nuclei-yadu waxay sii daayaan qaybo yaryar (elektaroono) kuwaas oo ka sii geliya qaybo badan oo alfa ah oo dhex mari kara tusaale ahaan, 1-2 sentimitir oo biyo ah, iyadoo ku xidhan tamartooda.Guud ahaan, xaashi aluminium ah oo dhumucdiisu tahay dhowr milimitir ayaa joojin karta shucaaca beta.
Qaar ka mid ah atamka aan xasilloonayn ee sii daaya shucaaca beta waxaa ka mid ah hydrogen-3 (tritium) iyo carbon-14.Tritium waxa loo isticmaalaa, iyo kuwo kale, nalalka degdega ah si tusaale ahaan loogu calaamadiyo ka bixida mugdiga.Tani waa sababta oo ah shucaaca beta ee tritium wuxuu keenaa maadada fosfoor si ay u dhalaalto marka shucaaca isdhexgalka, koronto la'aan.Kaarboon-14 waxa loo isticmaalaa, tusaale ahaan, taariikhda walxihii hore.
Shucaaca gamma
fallaadhaha gamma (Infographic: A. Vargas/IAEA).
Raajooyinka Gamma, kuwaas oo leh codsiyo kala duwan, sida daaweynta kansarka, waa shucaaca korantada, oo la mid ah raajada.Qaar ka mid ah fallaadhaha gammadu waxay si toos ah u dhex maraan jidhka bini'aadamka iyaga oo aan waxyeello u geysan, halka kuwa kalena uu nuugo jirka oo laga yaabo inay waxyeelo geystaan.Xoogagga fallaadhaha gamma waxaa lagu yarayn karaa heerar khatar yar ka keenaya darbiyada qaro weyn ee shubka ama rasaasta.Tani waa sababta darbiyada qolalka daaweynta shucaaca ee isbitaallada loogu talagalay bukaannada kansarka ay aad u dhumuc weyn yihiin.
Neutrons
Nukliyeerka nukliyeerka gudaha reactor-ka nukliyeerka waa tusaale fal-celin silsilad shucaac ah oo uu sii wado neutrons (Garaaf: A. Vargas/IAEA).
Neutrons waa qaybo aad u baaxad weyn oo ka mid ah qaybaha aasaasiga ah ee nukleus.Iyagu waa lacag la'aan, sidaas darteed si toos ah uma soo saaraan ionization.Laakin la falgalkooda atamka maatarku waxa ay dhalin karaan alfa-, beta-, gamma- ama raajada, taaso ka dib keenta ionization.Neutron-yada ayaa soo galaya waxaana lagu joojin karaa oo kaliya tiro dhumuc weyn oo shub ah, biyo ama paraffin.
Neutron-yada waxaa loo soo saari karaa siyaabo dhowr ah, tusaale ahaan kuwa wax soo saara nukliyeerka ama falcelinta nukliyeerka ee ay bilaabeen walxaha tamarta sare leh ee alwaaxyada dardargeliyaha.Neutrons-ku wuxuu matali karaa il muhiim ah oo shucaaca si aan toos ahayn u keena.
Waqtiga boostada: Nov-11-2022